The emergence of artillery at the start of the fifteenth century completely transformed military tactics and strategy.
In a mediaeval context, with a largely rural, feudal society with still emergent monarchies, castles, often built on the sites of old Roman forts, were refuges for nobles and peasants during long sieges. Some of the most notable fortifications include the alcazabas or walled citadels, for both residential and defensive purposes, and built inside towns, such as those of Almería, Mérida, Tarifa, Badajoz, Málaga and Calatrava la Vieja (in Ciudad Real).Īll castles, regardless of their state of conservation, are protected by law under the National Heritage Act, which prohibits their destruction.
In the meantime, the Moors also built their own palaces, such as the Alcazar in Seville (tenth century) and the eleventh-century Aljaferia in Zaragoza.
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